This literature review is part of the Tyndall Round 2 project ‘Critical Issues in Decarbonising Transport’. The project is a strategic assessment of the emerging technologies that are or could play a significant role in a future transport system in the context of the need to reduce transport’s emissions of carbon dioxide. While some technologies might contribute to the decarbonising of transport without needing to affect behaviour, others might achieve this only by affecting behaviour. The aim of this review is to characterise the emerging technologies in relation to their potential impact on behaviour and therefore identify the technologies that should be the focus of the next stage of the research.